Safety device for firearms.



917,723. Pateea- Apr. 6,1909.

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10 This vinvention relates to breechelo'ading A safety device for positively preventing th e 1 occurrence of the dangerous. unintentional J, seems, or marroni), coNNEc'r1cUr,;Ass'IGNoR TocoL-'ris PTENT fiEcTIcUT.

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' y Application November .-To all-.whom 'it may concern: it lmow'n that'I, CARL .I Ennrs, a* citizen ofthe United States, residing atHart- `ford,: county .-ofHrtford, and State of-v Con- 5 =nectic1it, 'have inventedcertain new and neefi ful'lmprovements in. SafetyDevices for Fire arms, of which thefollowing isl a specification, reference being had-tothe accompanying drawings, forminga parthereof. n

Mirearms, and particularly to breech-loading .-iirearms of that class in whichthe -breechgof the barrel is opened and'closed-by theinove-- ments in the frame from and to the barrel ofi 15 a breech-bolt, andin which 'the parts ofthe firing-mechanism are securedn' the vframe below and at the rear of theb'11.'ee'chf'boltly while a fu'in'gin or striker, movablyfseated- :in the breecholt', serves to transmit the igv 'rimer-ofthe' cartridge inthe chamber of--the arrel, when the breech is closed .andthe iring-mechanism is operated-for firing a shott f .'lhe main object ofithis invention is-to'prof vide vthe irearm with a simple b`ut reliable oraccidental'r' liabletoresnlt from-careless handling' or avving of--a iirearmz and from drop ing'the arm, Iwhen on falling i-t -shouldstri e upon an exposed-part of the iii'- ing-mechanism, suchas the 'hammer or lthe4 rear end 'of the firing-pin, so as to drive vthe Brthe cartridge.

'Another'object of this invention is to'posivtively prevent contact of the firing-pin :with I 4the primer at all times, except when the firevarm is grasped and raised,'as in thev act of 4o 1 t reparatory to firing; so as to pre,-l @vent acci ental iring which might result,l even vthough the firing-mechanism. 1s locked,'.

i theV arm shouldbe drop ed and strike endjf'wise u on the-muzzle oft e barrel with-sui- 1.45 cient orce lto carry theringfpin by its mo- '-mentuminto contact .with the primerof the -cartridge.

^ A f'rther object of thev invention to so constrl'lct the safety device that it shall oper-fr 50 site automatically and positively to make the zdischarge of 'the .firearm ixnpossihle, ,when 'zthe-lPammerL-has been cocked-and `to positive .even in case violent blow's werestruck either.

cocked zp'osition, thereby: release :of

'of the objectsiabove 'eininnerajted','fthe'-y same forward into Contact with the primer of lockngand searfloclringdevicesffar '-in a frecoileoperated`-1magazineis 'MANUFACTURING- coMPNY; for marroni); CONNECTICUT, A :coniom'rron joFfcoN fssr'r D Evr'eE 1.1'o1xfpm` E -sinus, i

" armasrepeated-raised,another? r relis operated;atz all other times the 'safety' `evicae wlthoutreruiring attention, shall be .move

y prevent the firing-o -upon the hammer ornpon thevmzzle'of'the.

fantomatic safety' devices, which',jwl1enx:9m I

billed, in the operative position positively-I vlockthe scar against movementaatltheiit by e which "the sear. holds :hammer-iin the .hammer impossible ;4 yand atg1tl1esame time positively withdraw the :into the breech-.bolt and lock it. thereininalpotionir'i which its forward firing-pointdos. "ntproj ect -romthe fa'ce 'of the breech-bolt cartridgein 'front/of the same,''wh il e fthe rear end ofthe firing-pin also-iswitliin the breechl bolt -and does-.notproject rpmlthesaxne' "Sog that, even should the lia-minori' l'fit'f il' 715.

-tlie breech-bolt, wit

-pendentlyof fthe "othengin'whichcase, either 'if itis desire tofattain in asxnglegrearmzall 'inedin'on e.--v This combined-Sear. locking and locking device consists ple and reliablefconstructionnot :get ont-of order, hereinafter full and claimed Ja'nd illustrated vipailglsdmwlgs: K

T e invention :is shown'leren .tion of "thej'severalf features'il inasinglestructurev 'f theficcmpanyingildra arepiese'nts.,af'sialeelevatir ffm fand, therefore, cannotcontact Withtlie 20 mtmg blow from thermg-mechamsm to theJ tion of a well-known Colt automatic magazine-pistol, partly in longitudinal vertical section, with the breech closed and the hammerdown, and the Sear and the firing-pin positively locked against movement. Fig. 2 represents a rear end view of the same, with lshe parts inthe same position as in Fig. 1.

1g. 3 tion thronghfthe breech-bolt in the lane of the axis of the vertical iringin llockingbolt, as seen from the front. 4ig. 4 represents a side elevation partly in longitudinal section,'similar to Fig. 1, but with the hammer cockedand the Sear and `firing-pin released, as by a grasp upon the grip of the pistol, and ready for operation. bya pull upon the trigger. Fig. 5 represents a rear end view of the same, similar to Fig. 2, but with the parts in the same position Jas in Fig. 4. 6 re resents the firing-pm detached,

Y respective y at l m a side elevation, at2 in a transverse section with the locking-bolt in the raised released position, and at. 3 in a topview of the rear ortion of the firing-pin. 7 shows the ocking-bolt detached, respectively-in a side elevation and in a bottom-view. Fig. 8 re resents the grip-lever detached, in a side e evation and in a front elevation.rr y

' Similar characters refer to similar parts i throughout theseveralviews.

In the istol represented in the drawings `the barre b is supported upon the frame a, and on top 'of the frame the breech-slide' c is fitted to slide rearward and forward, the

Y sides of the breech-slide overlapping the the frame and guiding it thereon.

frame and interlocking-ribs and grooves on slide and frame .holding the breech-slide to The rear art. of the breech-slide c forms-the breecholt c1, adapted to close the chamber of the barrel, and the forward part'of the breech- 4- slide c extends in semi-tubular form andb incloses the barrel..

On iiring a' shot, the breech-slide and barrel recoil a short distance together, then the barrel becomes disengaged from the breech-slide and the movement of the barrel is arrested, while the breech-slide continues to recoil, thus o ening the breech, after which the breech-slide is returnedforward by a reaction-spring in the `usual manner and is 'interlocked with the barrel, thus closing the breech.

The frame a, and the breech-slide` c in rear of thebarrel form the receiver and an opening is` provided for the ejection of the cartridge-shells, the breech-bolt carries a firingpin sind an extractor, while' an ejector 1s provided in the receiver. The frame has the grip or handle al below the receiver, and the hammer l and the sear 'rn-are pivotally fitted in the framein rear of the grip, while .the

trigger n is'located indfront ofthe grip and has a rearward extension nl connecting it with .the lower end of the sear. The mainresents a vertical transverse secarmas spring i and the combined searand triggerspring j are arranged in the rear portion of t e grip al. y

Cartridges may be supplied by the usual cartridge-magazine in which a column of car-" tridges is carried upon a s ring-follower, by

which the to most cartri ge is presented in front of the reach-bolt when the same is in the open rear position, so that by the closing movement of the breech-bolt the cartridge is transferred to the chamber of the barrel.

All the parts thus far referred to are of the same construction and mode of operation as those of the Awell-known Colt automatic pistol, and forming no part of the present invention, require no further description or An automatic pistol such as here described and represented, requires, in order to be thus prepared, that it be provided with a loaded magazine, and that a cartrid e be insertedin the chamber of .the barrel an the hammer be cocked, either directly by hand, or by once drawing the breech-slide to the rear and releasing it, thereby cooking the hammer and feeding .one cartridge to the barrel. The arm is then ready for firing a number of shots in rapid succession, requiring onl a trigger for each shot. To enable the pistol to lute safety, I,- provide it with the combined sear and iiringinlockin device, which comprises the gripever g an the tiring-pin lock-- 1n -bolt e.

he firing-pin d, of usual form and carried loosely in the central seat of the breechbolt cisin length slightly shorter than the breech-bolt, as seen in Fi 1. In rear of the forward filing-point, the in diameter and carries the usual retractionspring d1 'which serves to move the firing-pin to the rear so as to, expose the rejecting rear ing-pin is reduced,

pull ofthe .be carried thus loaded and cocked with abso- Y end ofthe same to receive t e blow of the hammer Whenever the firing-pin is not locked in lthe safe non -proj ecting position. The

,usual transverse pin f, fitted in the breechbolt between two shoulders formed by a cut in the to ofthe ring-pin, serves to limit the y rearwar movement of. the same. In rear of this cross-p' df, the firing-pin locking-bolt e is loosely seate vertically'in the breech-bolt, so as to be limited in its upward and downward movements by the cross-pin and the two shoulders fornid by a cut 1n t e forward side of the lockingaa e, rigs. Y1 and 4. The-y vertical seat of the locking-bolt e is so located i 'in the breech-bolt that itintersects the seat 2 and 3, this cylindrical portionoccupies the recess dz'infthe side ofthe firing-pin and posi- Y, tively locls'the tiring-pin against movement, both in the forward and rearward direction'.

Below the cylindrical portion 4the lockingbolt. hasra'recess c2 on its inner left-hand side, the lower artofthisrecess is quadri-circular and of a diameter corresponding with that of the firing-pip, the upper edge of this recess et in the loc g-bolt e, however, is rectilinear and-horizontal and corresponds with the top surface ofthe fringind in rear of the recess,

- A, which is straight an horizontal, formed by a' "cut` in the vtop of the firing-'pin running la .short distancerearward fronrthe recess d2 in the saure, By this constructionsJ compara-f vtively shortV vertical movement of the locking-'pin `e carries thew'lstraight upper edge of the recess (Z2 in thessame below theupper -traiglht edge-'of the recess dzin the firing-pin an locks the same at the largest central portion of'itscross-section, las shown in Figs. 2 and' 3`; whereas, if the recess in the locking- Ibolt were semi-circular, andthe firingin not flattened, the same movement woul inter- 'lock only much weaker semi-lunarupper portions;

'- When the locking-bolt e-is raised, so as to bring` the uppler straight edge of its recess e2 vinline with t e straignt rear edge of the top of the firing-pin d in rear of therecess d2', as

best shown in fig. 6'at 2, the 'locking-bolt e releases the :firing-pin, and, underthe tension of the retraction-spring d, the firing-pin is moved rearward entering the recess e2 1n the "locking-holt e, so as to project from the breech-bolt at the rear, Fig. 4, where the vhammer can strike the firing-pinand force it to imping'e upon the primer of the, cartridge in the'barreh after which the spring d1 agaln forces the rin' -pin to; the rear, kthe rearward vmovement of t e same, while released, being Figs. '1, and-'GIa-tl, the: up er portion'of the forward side lof'therecess 2 inY the firing-pin d, instead offbeing vvvertical is slanting and' edgeofthis inclinedcam-shapedpart of theV recess vdstandsf'fhefrieath the' forward .edge of the' cyliridricalpart, of theflocking-boltje abuve the..recessje2 inthe same; if nowthe locking-holt e isl `forced downward' 1t Iacts',

upon the inclined cani-surface and'forces the firing-pin forward, moving it from the rearmost position shown in lli 4 tothe position show-nin l ig. l, where hot i ends ofthefirinopin-are within the breech-bolt, in which -position thev locking-bolte securely locks 'the firing-Pin. d.

l? or actuatm the locking-holt e, the gripylever g is provi ed. The gri -lever g is fitted in a recess in the frame of t ie pistol, at the right-hand sidel of the-hammer, the hub of the lever g corresponding with the hammerhuh and the hammer-pivot Z1 servino` also as pivot for the lever g. From the hull) downward the lever g extends within the grip, and, ata short distance below the hammer, this lower arm of the grip-lever g projects from a slot in the rear of the gri a1, and isprovided at its'lower portion Wit a wider handle g2 which is rounded Ato correspond with the rear face of the grip and extends laterally to the right-hand side of the same, and has a flat web fitted to freely-slide upon the side ofI the grip, the forward edge of said web extending lnto a recess in the wooden stock a2, fastened to the side of the grip. 'lhelever g has a limited vibratoify movement upon the pivot 11 and a springfh, the rear end of whlch'is seated in a rec-ess in the lever g near its lower v i extremity, while the forward Vend of the spring is supported by a shoulder in the side of the grip, serves to yieldingly keep the lower arm of @relever gin the rear position,

in which ,they lever projects some distance from the rear, of the grip al, as shown in l ig. 1. lf pressure 1s exerted upon theflever-arm, as

"hy the hand in grasping the rip, the leverarm is pressedforward into t egrip until it does not project from the same, but corre-- sponds wlth therear surface of the gri as snown in l ig. 4. Above the pivot the ever g is rovided with a projecting up er arm g1 whic extends'forward and upward from the` lever-huh in shape of a hook, see -l ig; 8-

havingV asinall inclined slot open to the rear, and over the saine sloping upward and rear- Wardto a point. With the lever g in its place in the frame, the top of the up er lever arm gl'projects above the top of t e frame into a longitudinal groovein the bottoni of the breech-holt 8.

At the lower end the locking-bolt e is provided with a rectangular head fitted in a corres `ending recess in the breech -holt, by winch the locking-holt is kept from turning on its axis, and helow this head the lockingbolt carries a short extension, see Pigs. 3 and osition and'withj the grip-lever g projecting rom the rear ofthe grlp, as shown in Fig. l,

` grip-lever stands in its operative projecting;-

the stud c1 occupies the rear portion of thev inclined slot in the Yupper lever-arm, and' thereby the locking-bolt c is held in its lower operative position in which it locks the tiringpm 1n the safe non-projecting position.

Then the lower lever-arm is pressed into the grip, as by the h and grasping the grip, as shown in Fig. 4, the upper arm q1 of the lever swings upward and carries up the stud e and thereby raises the locking-bolt e, so as to rclease the tiring-pin and allow it to be moved rearward into the reach ofthe hammerby the spring (Z1, If now the trigger is pulled to release the hammer, the same will strike the released. firing-pin and cause a shot to be iired. Under the energy of recoil the breech-bolt will move to the rear and will be at once returned forward by the .reactionspring. At the first of the recoil, the stud el, carried rearward by the breech-bolt, will A move in the slot in the upper arin of the lover the tiring-pin to the safe position and therey lock it, after which the continued recoil of the breech-bolt Will carry the locking-holt and the stud rearward away from the lever g. During the last of the return or closing movement of the breech-bolt the stud e1 reenters the slot in the upper arm ofthe lever g, the slope below the point at the top of the lever in rear of the slot insuring the entrance of the stud e? into the slot, whereby the locking-bolt e is again held down and the firing-pin locked in the safe position, i'the grip-lever should ,have been released and moved to the safe position, as shown in Fig. l, after the shot was tired and before' the breech-bolt was returned forward.V If on firing' a shot, the Agrip-lever is kept continuously within the Igrip, in the position shown in Fig. 4, the return forward of the breechbolt will cause the stud e1, in entering the slot in the top of the lever, iii-st to be forced down and then to be raised, so that the firing-pin Will be unlocked and readyi for continued tiring when the breech is fully closed, as long as the grasp on the grip is not released. As may he seen in Fig'. l, this positive locking of the tiring-pin, before the breech is fullyl closed, will take place if the position, even in case the locking-holt c should have been raised to release the iirinfrpin while the breech-limit was moving to and from or kept in the rear position, though there is nothing in the normal operation of the mechanism oi the arm to raise the locking-bolt while it is away from the control of the grip-lever.

In front of the hub and below the upper arm g1, the grip-lever g has aiorward extension, located above and at the side of the point of the scar m. by which. the seal' keeps therein, a iivoted hammer, a

exigirse shown in Fig. 8, on .the inner side of this erf tension, toward` thesear, a small projecting-` stud g3 is provided on the grip-lever g. When f i theggrip-lever is in the operative position fine which it locks the ring-pin, as shown in Fig. l., this stud g3 stands in front of the sear- .point, both. when the hammer is cocked or when the hammer is down', see Figs. 1 and Il,

and thestud g thus locks thc-scar a ainst movement. When the hammer is cocked the eccentric hammer-hub above the cock-notch presses -the inclined front side of the scar-point outward against the tapering inner edge of the projection g3 on the lever g, and thereby forces the lever to move with thehamnier, to the non-operative position, until the Sear-point enters the cock-notch of the hammer, then the lever'g is moved by Athe spring,V hout of the grip andthe projection g 'of the lever descends in front of the scar point and positively locks the sear against movement to release the hammer, and thereeing i by locks the hammer .in the cocked position;

and, as the rearward extension 'nl of the trigger stands in front of the lower end of the sear, the lever g by lockingr the seal', also' locks the trigger against movement. Thus the grip-lever g, in its operative position, automatically and positive f locks the ringpin and also locks every member of the firingmechanism. Vifhen the grip-lever is pressed intothe grip, as byfa grasp upon the same,

seeFig. 4, the stud g3 is raised out ofthe path of the scar-point, so as to release the scar,

which may then be moved by pressure' tol, as shown in Fig. 42. The projecting position of the grip-lever, easily perceptib e to thgtollh as Well as at a glance', serves in the dadi: as well as inthe light to indicate that the pistol :is safely locked.

It 'vill be understood in which the iring-pin itself serves as striker or hannner and is held cocked andreleosed by the Sear in the'manner Well-known. .Y

7l/hat I claim and desire to secure by Let-,

ters Patent is: I, 1. 'In a breech-loading firearm, the combination oi' a breech-bolt, a fuing-pin mounted -ongitudinally movable ocking device carried by said breech-bolt to hold the firing in in safe position, and means to shift the oclring` device that the devices hereinbeiore described may also be appliedi in firearms having no pivoted hammer, but,

yfrom locking-position to unlock'in'fposition' A' and from unlocking yposition toloc g posi-- tiQIi- 42. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination of a breech-bolt, a 'irin' -pin mounted therein, a pivotedV hammer, a ocking device carried by said breech-bolt to hold the firing.v vpin in safe osition, and means m'anuall o .erated'to s ift the locking device from loci;-

'iiring-pinwith its forward end withdrawn from the cartridge, and means to shift the locking device-from locking position yto unlocking position and from unlocking position to locking position.

4. In a breech-loading firearm, vthe combination of a breech-bolt, a ring-pin mounted therein and shorter than the breech-bolt; a pivoted hammer, a locking-'bolt to hold the firing-pin with its real; end forward of the rear end of the breech-bolt, and means to shift the locking device from locking position. to unlockinsition and from unlocking po- .sition to loc glposition. 5. In a breec oadmg firearm, the comb,1-. nation of a breech-bolt, Ya ringpin mounted therein, a pivoted hammer, a locking-bolt carried by said breech-bolt to hold the firingpin inxsafe position, and agrip-lever coperating with the locking-bolt to shift it from locking osition to unlocking position and from u ocking positiony to lockin position.

` 6. ,In a breech-loading firearm, t e combination of a breech-bolt, a ring-pin mounted therein and shorter than the breech-bolt, a

locking-bolt to hold the filing-pin with its 'forward end withdrawn from .the cartrid e,

and a. grip-lever coperatin -with the loc in -bolt to'shift it from loc ocking position and from un tion to locking osition.

7. In a breec -loading nation of a'breech-bolt, arin -pin'mounted therein and shorter than the reech-b'olt, a

position to ocking posi flocking-bolt to hold the firing-pin with its ocking position to loc rear end forward of the. rear end of4 the breech bolt, and a grip -lever cooperating with thelockingbolt to 'shift'it from locking osition to unlocking'position and from un-A.-

position.

' 8. In a breech-loading earm, the combination'of a breech-bolt, a notched firing-pin mounted therein, a Apivoted hammer, a

notched locking-bolt carried 'bp said lxecl ongitu a y bolt to coperate. with the movable notched firing-pin, and' means to shift theloeking-bolt from.=locking osition V to unlockin osition and from unloc g po- '66 s ition to loc l, v

position. v

g position to locking position firearm, the combi- A Y .breech-bolt te hold the filing-pm 1n safe 9. In a breech-loadingpirearm, the conifbl, nation ofa brQGh-bolt, 'anotcliediln i mounted therein, a notched loclnfkngho t to cooperate with .the notched' firing-pm, a I

grip-lever eoperatingwiththe 'oc ftorshift it fram' rocking osition. positionv and from unloc ing position.

. 1o. nly @breech-loading firearm-the ong-- bination of a breech-bolt, a firing-pin mounted therein andv having a notch lnone side with a shoulder at one side thereoa lockingcoperating with the ring-pn and having a 'quadri-circular ,notch Awith ,a shoulder, and means to shift lthe locking-bolt .from locking osition to unlocking osition and from u ockjng .positionytolocklng position.

11.- v In a 'breech-loading firearm, the com-v ed thereinA 'andhaving ya notch :in one? side with a shoulder at one side thereof, Aalockingboltv coperating with the iring-pinand hav-1 ing a quadri-circularnotch with a' shoulder,

and a grip-levercoperating withthe locking-l bolt to lshift Ait fromjlocking'ppsition to unlocking position and fromunlocking positionA to locking osition.

' 12. In a reech-loading'iirearm,..the coin-ved therein and having a notch withacamf.

bination of a breech-bolt, a firing-pin mount like -forward edge, a lockingfboltto" hoperate with the notchedjifing-pin andha a' shoulder' to vco crate. with the 'came.

ed e .of` the note means `to shift. the loging-bolt from'lckinposition to unlocking position and from oeking position yto loc position.

a breech-loading'iireaiiinfthe 69ml' bination'of a frame, abreech-bolt, a. A

pin mounted therein,a loeln'ng-bolt to ho d the firing-pin in safe position and-ha Aa l; lug or proJection, and a grip-leverplvote the frame and having a cam-slot to cooperate .wi th the lu or pro'ection'of jthe` loekingbolt;

cally movab e locldn'g-bolt mounted. the

-sition and havin a lug or projection,- an

grip-lever pivote .in the'fram'e and having-a rearwardly opening caInLslot to cooperate bination ofv a frame, 'a' reciprocating' ln'eech-l Y vbolt, arin-pin mounted therein, a vertrwith the lu or pro'ection of thelockingbolt. f,

15. In a reechf oading irearm,the vcom#A bination'of a frame,"a hammer pivmzed in theframe, a trigger,l a scar-,1a trig er-sear connection, and agrip-lever ivote concentric-...-

lug or incline 'Sear-point.

' ally with the hammer an i having a'tapering projection to'stand in the path ofthe. I., 16. In a breechfloading'hrearm, thecoinbination of a frame, a. hammer pivoted in -tli'e conn'e cti n,- a grip-lever pivotedixgoiplcralik fi-aniie and having 'an eccentric huh Acock-notch, .a trigger, a sear, a trifrger-.ear

trically with the hammer and having a taperosition to unlocking' osition and from un ing I ug 0r projection to stand in the path of ocking position to loc position, find-cf` the inclined scar-point. Y operating With the Sear to 01d it from disen- A 17. In a. breech-loading-firearm, the corngagement from the hammer.

5 bination of a frame, a breech-bolt, a. iring- This specification signed and witnessed 15 pin mounted therein, a. 10cking-bo1t to hold this 11th day of November, A. D. 1907. the rin -pin in safe position, a hammer piv- CARL J. EHBETS. oted in t e frame, a trigger, a Sear, triggexf- In the presence offsear connection, and a. gri -lever coperating A. L. ULRICH,

10 with the locking-bolt to shif t it from locking K. POWERS. 

